What is it?

The Cryptosporidium organism is a parasitic infection of the intestines (gut).

How do I know if someone has it?

Symptoms include:

• Fever and headache
• Muscle aches
• Headaches
• Abdominal pain
• Watery diarrhoea
• Loss of appetite

Is it infectious?

Spread can be from person to person. Farm animals and pets may harbour the parasitic organisms. Infection is possible when there is an accidental transfer of animal faeces to the mouth. Cryptosporidium can be found in untreated water such as in rivers and lakes. If accidentally swallowed, these may cause illness. Some outbreaks have been associated with swimming pools. Outbreaks due to drinking mains water are very rare. It is possible to catch Cryptosporidiosis from someone else (particularly a child) who is infected with it. Spread may occur when parents come into contact with soiled nappies.

What is the incubation period?

Symptoms usually begin 2 - 10 days after infection.

What should I do if someone has the illness?

People with normal immunity will recover completely from the infection, usually within 3 weeks. As in any infectious cause of diarrhoea and vomiting, it is important to keep giving fluids to young children and the elderly to prevent dehydration. If the symptoms persist, or you have any worries about symptoms, you should contact your GP. Medical advice can also be otained from NHS Direct on 0845 4647.

How can spread be avoided?

Personal hygiene should be very strict. Everyone should wash their hands with warm, soapy water after going to the toilet, changing nappies and before handling food. The toilet should be kept clean, including the seat and handle. Avoid swallowing water when doing water sports and avoid drinking untreated water. Be particularly careful when travelling abroad to countries where there is poor sanitation and drinking water may not be pure. Chemical disinfection of the water is ineffective against the parasitic organism.

How soon can someone return to school/work?

People should stay away from school or work until they have been free of symptoms for 48 hours. Those who handle food as part of their work should check with their employers and GP before returning.

For further information the websites below may be of interest.

Date Published: 28/03/08